GPON is a fiber optic network standard for implementing broadband connections.It is one of the most used today and delivers a download speed of more than 1 Gb/s, in addition to being cheaper in terms of infrastructure.Find out what GPON is and how it works in the following article.GPON stands for Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network.Also known as G.984, it is one of the possible standards for the PON network topology, or Passive Optical Network.To understand what GPON is, one must first understand what PON is.Because it is a passive network, this means that the splitter, responsible for redistributing the connection between the operator's network hub (Optical Line Terminal, or OLT) and the user's receiver (Optical Network Unit, or ONU, also called Optical Network Terminal, or ONT) is not powered.As there is no electrical current in the network structure, it is possible to use much less infrastructure than a traditional network in the "last mile", the final distance between the provider and the consumer, as well as the risk of accidents is lower.The main feature of a PON network is the use of optical fiber to deliver high-speed connections to users, with a point-to-multipoint network topology, more advantageous than point-to-point, where each user has a direct connection. with the network provider or distributor.In point-to-multipoint topology, each ONU/ONT receives data from all users in a region sent by the OLT (broadcast), with the user terminal filtering what the consumer should see.In reverse, the ONU/ONT sends the upstream information back at an asynchronous speed, lower than the download speed.The data travels encrypted to prevent user A from receiving data from user B, as all ONUs/ONTs are fed the same information.The upload in the PON architecture is not continuous, but in pulses.Each user has a time window to send their data to the splitter, which will gather connections from a region and send it all back to the OLT.The GPON standard refers to a PON network capable of providing a connection above 1 gigabit per second (1 Gb/s).Overall, the framework is capable of providing a download speed of up to 2.5Gb/s while the upload speed reaches up to 1.25Gb/s.As the demand is greater in the provider-user direction than the other way around, an asymmetric network is more advantageous, as it allows higher download speeds.A GPON network can have symmetrical download and upload of up to 2.4Gb/s, but the use of this configuration is very rare.The split ratio is the number of users each splitter is able to connect to a network.In the GPON standard, at each unpowered network point leaving the OLT, up to 64 ONUs/ONTs can be connected, with hardware upgrades supporting up to 128 connections.The ratio of the number of users varies according to the amount of services available — the more, the lower the number so that all consumers have the maximum connection quality.Speaking of quality, the efficiency of a GPON network is also quite high, as its protocol provides for the transmission of packets with varying sizes, between 64 and 1,518 bytes.Thus, the efficiency of the transmission as a whole reaches 92%.GPON is not the only PON network standard, and there are others with different characteristics:With information: Intelbras.